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Controlling Image is an image a poet uses to carry forward the sense of the poem. It shapes the nature and form of the work as well. For example, in "The Flea" John Donne uses the tiny creature to make a point to the loved one he is courting. He asks the woman to look at the flea and see that they now share blood because this flea has bitten them both (fleas were common in English castles and houses during the 1600s). The poem continues with references to the flea until the very end. American poet Emily Dickinson uses the controlling image of death as a coach drive in "Because I could not stop for Death."

Not every image is a controlling one; a writer may use many images to convey an idea. However, if only one image is used, then you may be sure you have discovered a controlling image.